A memory allocator manages dynamic memory allocation and deallocation (like malloc and free in C). Building one teaches you about memory layout, fragmentation, free lists, and the interface between user programs and the operating system. ...
Build your own TCP/IP network stack. This project involves implementing the core internet protocols from scratch, including Ethernet frame parsing, IP packet handling, and TCP connection management with the three-way handshake. ...
Build your own operating system from scratch. Start with a bootloader, implement a kernel with process scheduling, memory management, and basic I/O. One of the most challenging and educational projects in computer science. ...