A memory allocator manages dynamic memory allocation and deallocation (like malloc and free in C). Building one teaches you about memory layout, fragmentation, free lists, and the interface between user programs and the operating system. ...
Build your own operating system from scratch. Start with a bootloader, implement a kernel with process scheduling, memory management, and basic I/O. One of the most challenging and educational projects in computer science. ...
Build your own CPU or processor, either in hardware using an FPGA or in software as a simulator. This project teaches you about instruction set architecture, ALUs, registers, control units, and how computers execute programs at the lowest level. ...